Ku Anji, Zhejiang, kuli kampani yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito mozama mumakampani ogulitsa zinthu zachipatala kwa zaka pafupifupi 40 — Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd. (yomwe tsopano ikutchedwa Hongde Medical).
Kuyambira nthawi ya chuma chomwe chikukonzekera komanso chomwe chikuyang'anabe malire atsopano masiku ano, kukula kwa Hongde Medical kwagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chuma cha China. Kawirikawiri kampani siiika udindo wa anthu m'dongosolo lake la DNA, kupereka malo ogona ndi chithandizo kwa anthu olumala. Wotsogolera wake ndi Zhang Yuegen, katswiri wamalonda wodziwika bwino: katswiri wakale yemwe adayamba kuyambira pachiyambi, adayambitsa mabizinesi awiri, ndipo amakhalabe patsogolo pa kuganiza mwanzeru komanso kupanga zisankho ali ndi zaka za m'ma 70.
Iyi ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya bizinesi yokhudza kusintha ndi kutsegulira kwa China, kusintha kwa msika, ndi kukweza mafakitale. Ndi njira yanthawi yayitali yochitira bizinesi yachinsinsi yokhala ndi udindo, masomphenya, ndi kupirira.
"Kampani Yolimba Mtima" mu Nthawi Yachuma Yokonzedwa
Kulumikizana kwake ndi makampani azachipatala kunayamba mwangozi.
Mu 1984, Zhang Yuegen wazaka 31 anali mkulu wa fakitale yokonza magalimoto ku Anji. Pofuna kukulitsa bizinesi yake, anayenda kwambiri kufunafuna mapulojekiti atsopano. Ku Shanghai, anakumana ndi kampani yopanga mabandeji a pulasitala. Atatopa ndi maoda komanso kusowa kwa mphamvu zopangira, kampaniyo inamupatsa mwayi wogwirizana. Panthawiyo, Anji analibe bizinesi yeniyeni ya zamankhwala, pomwe kufunikira kwa mabandeji a pulasitala m'nyumba kunali kuwonjezeka.
Zhang Yuegen anagwira ntchitoyi motsimikiza. "Panthawiyo, chuma chinali chikukonzekera; zipangizo zachipatala zinali makampani olamulidwa bwino. Kuvomerezedwa kwa polojekitiyi ndi kugawa mphamvu zopangira zinthu kunafuna kuti pakhale kuwunikanso kwina. Mwamwayi, ntchitoyi inagwirizana ndi kufunika kwa msika, kotero fakitaleyo inamangidwa bwino." Mu 1985, fakitale yake yopangira zinthu zachipatala - yomwe inali patsogolo pa Hongde Medical - inayamba kupanga mwalamulo.
Nthawi imeneyi inapereka mphoto kwa iwo amene anayesa kuyesa. M'chaka chake chachiwiri, fakitaleyi inapeza phindu la mayuan 500,000, chozizwitsa mu nthawi imene "mabanja a mayuan zikwi khumi" anali osowa kwambiri.
Mwayi wofunika kwambiri unachokera ku msika wapadziko lonse.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, Johnson & Johnson wa ku United States anaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mabandeji a pulasitala a Zhang ndipo anapempha mgwirizano. "Pamsonkhano wathu, ndinawafunsa ngati angandibwereke ndalama zokwana 5 miliyoni yuan kuti ndimange fakitale. Anaganiza kuti 'ndapempha ndalama zokwana 5 miliyoni yuan' ndipo ndinachita kafukufuku wozama." Pambuyo powerengera mwatsatanetsatane, Johnson & Johnson pomaliza pake anapereka ndalama zokwana 400,000 US dollars (zofanana ndi 3.75 miliyoni yuan) kwaulere kuti athandizire kukulitsa fakitale yake. "Izi sizinali zachilendo mu mgwirizano wamakampani azachipatala ku China ndi mabwenzi akunja - palibe zingwe, kungozindikira zinthu zathu ndi mphamvu zathu." Zhang akudzitamandirabe pokumbukira nthawi imeneyi.
Kuyambanso: Ulendo Wachiwiri pa 53
Mu 2006, Zhang Yuegen adapanga chisankho chodabwitsa: kuyambitsa bizinesi yachiwiri ndikupanga dzina lake la zida zamankhwala. "Achibale ndi abwenzi adatsutsa izi, nati ndinali wokalamba kwambiri kuti ndisavutike. Koma ndimadziwa kuti makampani azachipatala anali ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa anthu. Ndinali ndi malingaliro ndi zinthu zogulira, ndipo ndinkakhulupirira kuti nditha kupambana." Chifukwa chake, adakhazikitsa Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., yokhala ndi ndalama zoyambira zokwana 100,000 yuan, m'nyumba yachinsinsi ya 80-square-meter, yokhala ndi antchito anayi.
"Anthu ambiri anafunsa kuti: Kodi zinthu zidzagulitsidwa kuti? Kodi ndalama zidzachokera kuti? Kodi tingalembe bwanji antchito?" Yankho la Zhang linali losavuta komanso lolimba: "Zinthu zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndalama zimachokera kumsika, ndipo maluso amakopeka ndi kukula."
Mu 2008, Zhang ndi gulu lake adapanga bwino mtundu watsopano wa bandeji ya pulasitala yokhala ndi khalidwe labwino kuposa mitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi ya nthawiyo. "Kampani yaku America idabwera ku China kudzagula zinthu. Mpikisano wa ku Shanghai adatumiza zitsanzo zinayi ku US, zonse zitalephera mayeso. Kenako kasitomala adatipeza. Adayika oda yonse ya chidebe pambuyo pa chitsanzo choyamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zidebe zina 18 atagwiritsa ntchito batch yoyamba." Oda yayikuluyi idapangitsa kukula kwachangu kwa Hongde Medical. Kampaniyo ikuperekabe kasitomala waku America uyu mpaka pano, ndi malonda apachaka pafupifupi ma yuan 5 miliyoni. Zhang adati zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masukulu aku America pazinthu zina zakunja, zomwe zalandiridwa bwino chifukwa cha khalidwe lodalirika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, ndipo zimakhalabe chinthu chachikulu cha Hongde Medical.
Kuphatikiza pa luso lamakono, Hongde Medical yatenga gawo lotsogola popanga miyezo yamakampani. Mu Novembala 2024, muyezo wadziko lonse wa mabandeji a pulasitala, womwe unayambitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Hongde Medical, unawunikidwanso ndikuvomerezedwa bwino. "Pamsonkhanowu, ndinanena kuti titagwiritsa ntchito muyezo wapakhomo, tidzapempha muyezo wamakampani wapadziko lonse lapansi." Chidaliro cha Zhang chinachokera ku kulimba kwa zinthu. "Zogulitsa zathu ndi zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo, zopikisana ndi anzawo apadziko lonse lapansi."
Kupanga Tsogolo Latsopano
Pambuyo pa kukula kosalekeza, Zhang Yuegen anakana kuyima chilili. Pofuna kukulitsa mtundu wa malonda, anagwiritsa ntchito chuma chapadera cha Anji — nsungwi. “Anji ndi dziko la nsungwi, lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za nsungwi zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamitengo yotsika. Ndinadzifunsa kuti: kodi nsungwi ingalowe m'malo mwa matabwa ndi pulasitiki kuti ipange zinthu zachipatala komanso za tsiku ndi tsiku?”
Pambuyo poyesa mobwerezabwereza komanso kulephera kosawerengeka, gulu la Zhang linapanga bwino mitundu itatu: zopondereza lilime la nsungwi, ndodo za nsungwi, ndi ndodo za ayisikilimu za nsungwi. Mwachitsanzo, zopondereza lilime la nsungwi ndi zosalala, zopanda burr, komanso zolimba, zomwe zimathetsa ululu wa zinthu zamatabwa - zosavuta kukanda odwala ndikuswa. Zinatchuka mwachangu pamsika. Mu 2024, kasitomala waku Japan adayendera fakitaleyo ndipo adafika pa mgwirizano; kufunikira kwa zopondereza lilime la nsungwi ku Japan kukuyembekezeka kufika zidutswa 10 miliyoni mu 2026. "Ndodo za nsungwi ndi ndodo za ayisikilimu nazonso ndizodziwika. Tinagulitsa matani 1,000 a ndodo za nsungwi mu 2025; kutulutsa kudzawirikiza kawiri mu 2026, ndi cholinga chopitilira matani 4,000 pofika chaka cha 2028."
Kuyambira mu 2025, Hongde Medical yapita patsogolo kwambiri, ikuyesetsa kupeza ziyeneretso zopangira zida zachipatala za Gulu Lachiwiri ndi Lachitatu. "Zogulitsa za Gulu Lachitatu zili ndi malire ochepa komanso mpikisano waukulu. Ndikukonzekera kupereka ntchito kwa ena opanga a Gulu Lachiwiri ndi Gulu Lachitatu kuti ndiwonjezere mpikisano wamakampani," adatero Zhang.
Pamene akukulitsa malonda ake, Zhang akukonzekeranso kumanga mafakitale kunja kwa dziko. "Dziko lino likulimbikitsa makampani aku China kuti apite patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi. Ukadaulo wathu wopangira ma bandeji a pulasitala ndi wokhwima komanso wopikisana bwino; tili ndi chidaliro kuti tidzakhazikika kunja kwa dzikolo." Iye adapereka dongosolo lalikulu: kukhazikitsa mabizinesi ogwirizana m'maiko khumi mkati mwa zaka zitatu.
Zhang akukonzekera kupita kumayiko asanu ndi limodzi — Algeria, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Dubai, Afghanistan, ndi Egypt — pambuyo pa Chaka cha Masika a Mahatchi. Njira yake ndi yomveka bwino komanso yothandiza: kumanga mafakitale ndi ogwirizana nawo am'deralo omwe ali ndi njira zogulitsira zokhwima komanso mgwirizano womwe ulipo ndi Hongde. Hongde adzakhala ndi magawo 20%–40%, kuwongolera ukadaulo waukulu, ndikulola ogwirizana nawo kuti agwire ntchito yopanga ndi kugulitsa. "Ndinapita ku Vietnam ndipo ndinapeza kuti mabizinesi aku China omwe amamanga mafakitale omwe ali ndi eni ake onse kumeneko tsopano akukumana ndi mavuto ndipo akufuna kuchoka, kutaya zida ndi ma workshop. Njira yathu yogwirira ntchito ndi yokhazikika."
Kusamalira Udindo Wa Anthu
Udindo wa anthu nthawi zonse wakhala wofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Hongde Medical. Mu 2009, motsogozedwa ndi Anji Disabled Persons' Federation, Zhang adakhazikitsa malo oyamba ochiritsira anthu olumala ku Anji, ndipo adalemba ntchito anthu 12 am'deralo omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo. "Anthu awa adayambitsa mavuto chifukwa cha kulumala kwa maganizo, zomwe zidabweretsa mavuto akulu ku mabanja awo komanso kukakamiza boma. Wachibale wa wogwira ntchito anali mumkhalidwewu, kotero ndidamvetsetsa bwino mavuto awo ndipo ndimafuna kugawana nawo udindo wa anthu."
"Poyamba zinali zovuta. Anthu olumala sankatha kugwira ntchito ndipo zinali zovuta kuwasamalira. Nthawi ina munthu wina anaponya ndudu mu thonje, zomwe zinayambitsa moto womwe unafunika kuzimitsa injini zinayi," anakumbukira Zhang moona mtima. Anatsala pang'ono kusiya nthawi ina. "Kupanikizika kunali kwakukulu. Ndinakhala maso usiku wonse ndikulira pabedi tsiku lomwe moto unayamba."
Ngakhale kuti panali mavuto, Zhang anapitirizabe. Ku Hongde Medical, antchito olumala amalandira chisamaliro chokwanira ndi chithandizo: kampaniyo imapereka ndalama zonse za inshuwaransi; malipiro a pamwezi akwera kuchoka pa 750 yuan mu 2009 kufika pa 1,900 yuan lerolino, zomwe zikuposa malipiro ochepa a m'deralo; antchito odzipereka amapereka malangizo pantchito ndi chithandizo cha tsiku ndi tsiku; mabanja atatu olumala athandizidwa kukwatirana. Pomanga fakitale yatsopano mu 2024, Zhang adayika ndalama zokwana 8 miliyoni yuan mu "Nyumba ya Anthu Olumala" yophatikiza zosangalatsa, zosangalatsa, ndi chithandizo cha ntchito.
"Anthu awa sangathe kusamalira ndalama, kuphika, kapena kutsuka zovala, ndipo alibe wowasamalira akapuma pantchito. Ndikufuna kumanga nyumba yosungira okalamba ya anthu olumala," dongosolo la Zhang lili ndi chikondi chochuluka. "Amene angathe kugwira ntchito apitirize kugwira ntchito; omwe sangathe kukhala m'nyumba yosungira okalamba chifukwa cha chisamaliro ndi zochitika zina. Kampaniyo idzathandizira malipiro awo kuti asakhale ndi nkhawa."
Masiku ano, Hongde Medical ili ndi antchito opitilira 70 olumala, omwe ndi pafupifupi kotala la antchito onse. "Ndife kampani yosalipira msonkho. Kubweza msonkho konse kuchokera ku boma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu olumala kuti achepetse kukakamizidwa ndi anthu. Izi zikutanthauza zambiri kuposa phindu lililonse."
Zolemba
Mwamwayi, pa tsiku la kuyankhulana, akuluakulu oyang'anira mankhwala ku Huzhou anali kuchita kafukufuku wa zida zachipatala za Class II ku Hongde Medical. Pamene kuyankhulana kunatha, Zhang analandira uthenga wabwino wakuti kuwunikako kwachitika. Ngakhale anali ndi chidaliro kale, analimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake zomaliza. "Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro komanso mphamvu zauzimu. Ndikuyembekezera kwambiri kampaniyi. Pazaka zitatu, Hongde Medical idzasintha kwambiri."
Ali ndi zaka 74, nthawi imene anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi kupuma pantchito, Zhang akuona poyambira patsopano. Amasonyeza kulimba mtima kwa msilikali wakale, kutsimikiza mtima kwa wochita bizinesi, nzeru za mtsogoleri, ndi chikondi cha munthu wamba. Nkhani ya Hongde Medical si mbiri yokhudza kukula kwa makampani okha komanso chithunzi chowonekera bwino cha mabizinesi achinsinsi aku China - ozikidwa pa khalidwe, akuyesetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi udindo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-21-2026