Muri Anji, muri Zhejiang, hari ikigo cyashinze imizi mu nganda z’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi 40 — Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd. (kuva ubu yitwa Hongde Medical).
Kuva mu gihe cy’ubukungu buteganyijwe kandi bugishakisha imipaka mishya muri iki gihe, iterambere rya Hongde Medical ryahuye n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa. Ni gake cyane isosiyete ishyira inshingano zayo mu mibanire y’abantu, igatanga amacumbi n’ubufasha ku bafite ubumuga. Ku buyobozi bwayo hari Zhang Yuegen, rwiyemezamirimo w’icyamamare: inararibonye watangiye kuva ku busa, atangira imishinga ibiri, kandi aracyari ku isonga mu gutekereza ku ngamba no gufata ibyemezo mu myaka ye ya za mirongo irindwi.
Iyi ni inkuru y'ukuri y'ubucuruzi ikubiyemo amavugurura n'imifungurire y'Ubushinwa, impinduka mu isoko, no kuvugurura inganda. Ni kandi igikorwa cy'igihe kirekire cy'inshingano, icyerekezo, no kwihangana kwa rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cye.
"Ubucuruzi bw'Imbaraga" mu Gihe cy'Ubukungu Buteganijwe
Isano ye n'inganda z'ubuvuzi yatangiye ku bw'amahirwe.
Mu 1984, Zhang Yuegen w'imyaka 31 yari umuyobozi w'uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusana imodoka i Anji. Kugira ngo yagure ubucuruzi, yazengurutse cyane ashaka imishinga mishya. I Shanghai, yahuye n'ikigo gikora ibikoresho byo gusana amasashe. Kubera ko yatunzwe n'ibyo yatumije kandi nta bushobozi bwo gukora, ikigo cyamuhaye amahirwe yo gukorana. Icyo gihe, nta sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi yari ifite, mu gihe icyifuzo cy'ibikoresho byo gusana amasashe mu gihugu cyari cyiyongeraga.
Zhang Yuegen yafashe uyu mushinga ku buryo buhamye. “Icyo gihe byari bikiri ubukungu bwari buteganyijwe; ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byari inganda zigenzurwa neza. Kwemeza umushinga no gutanga ubushobozi bwo gukora byasabaga isuzuma ry’uburyo butandukanye. Ku bw’amahirwe, uyu mushinga wahuye n’ibikenewe ku isoko, bityo uruganda rwubatswe neza.” Mu 1985, uruganda rwe rw’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi — rwabanjirije Hongde Medical — rwatangiye gukora ku mugaragaro.
Icyo gihe cyahembye abatinyutse kugerageza. Mu mwaka wa kabiri, uruganda rwabonye inyungu ya Yuan 500.000, igitangaza mu gihe "ingo z'amayuan ibihumbi icumi" zari nke cyane.
Hari amahirwe akomeye kurushaho yavuye ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Mu ntangiriro za 1990, Johnson & Johnson bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika batekereje ku bitambaro bya Zhang byo kwambara plaster maze batanga ubufatanye. “Mu nama yacu, nababajije niba bashobora kumpa miliyoni 5 z’amayuan kugira ngo nubake uruganda. Batekereje ko ‘nasabye miliyoni 5 z’amayuan’ maze bakora isuzuma rikomeye.” Nyuma yo kubara birambuye, Johnson & Johnson yaje gutanga amadorari 400.000 y’Amerika (angana na miliyoni 3.75 z’amayuan) ku buntu kugira ngo bashyigikire kwagura uruganda rwe. “Ibi byari gake mu bufatanye bw’inganda z’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa n’abafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga - nta ngingo zishingiyeho, ahubwo ni ukumenya gusa ibicuruzwa byacu n’imbaraga zacu.” Zhang aracyafite ishema ryo kwibuka iki gihe.
Gutangira bundi bushya: Ishoramari rya kabiri ku myaka 53
Mu 2006, Zhang Yuegen yafashe icyemezo gitangaje: gutangiza ikindi gikorwa no kubaka ikirango cye bwite cy’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. “Bene wacu n’inshuti barabyanze, bavuga ko nshaje cyane ku buryo ntashoboraga kwihutaza. Ariko nari nzi ko inganda z’ubuvuzi zikeneye cyane imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Nari mfite ibitekerezo n’umutungo ku bicuruzwa, kandi nizeraga ko nshobora kubigeraho.” Bityo, yashinze Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., ifite imari shingiro ya yuan 100.000, mu nzu yihariye ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 80, ifite abakozi bane.
“Abantu benshi barabajije bati: Ibicuruzwa byagurishwa he? Igishoro cyava he? Ni gute washaka abakozi?” Igisubizo cya Zhang cyari cyoroshye kandi gihamye: “Ibicuruzwa biragurishwa ku isi yose, igishoro gituruka ku isoko, kandi impano zikururwa n’iterambere.”
Mu 2008, Zhang n'ikipe ye bakoze neza ubwoko bushya bw'igitambaro cya plaster gifite ubuziranenge buruta ubw'ibirango mpuzamahanga by'icyo gihe. “Hari sosiyete y'Abanyamerika yaje mu Bushinwa igura ibicuruzwa. Umukinnyi wo muri Shanghai yohereje ingero enye muri Amerika, zose ziratsindwa ibizamini. Hanyuma umukiriya yaradusanze. Batanze itegeko ryuzuye ry'ibigega nyuma y'ikizamini cya mbere, maze ako kanya andi macupa 18 nyuma yo gukoresha icyiciro cya mbere.” Iri tegeko rinini ryatumye Hongde Medical ikura vuba. Iyi sosiyete iracyatanga uyu mukiriya w'Umunyamerika kugeza ubu, aho yagurishije miliyoni 5 z'amayuan buri mwaka. Zhang yavuze ko ibi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu mashuri yo muri Amerika mu bikorwa byo hanze y'igihugu, byakiriwe neza kubera ubuziranenge bwizewe kandi bihendutse, kandi biracyari ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi bya Hongde Medical.
Hamwe n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, Hongde Medical yagize uruhare runini mu gushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda. Mu Gushyingo 2024, amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda ku bijyanye n'ibitambaro bya plaster, yatangijwe kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa na Hongde Medical, yasuzumwe neza kandi yemezwa. “Mu nama, navuze ko nyuma yo kwemeza amahame ngenderwaho mu gihugu, tuzasaba amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda ku isi yose.” Icyizere cya Zhang cyaturutse ku mbaraga zikomeye z'ibicuruzwa. “Ibicuruzwa byacu ni byiza kandi bihendutse, kandi bihangana n'ibindi bihugu ku isi.”
Guhanga ahazaza hashya
Nyuma yo gukura buhoro buhoro, Zhang Yuegen yanze guhagarara. Kugira ngo yongere urwego rw'ibicuruzwa, yerekeje ku mutungo udasanzwe wa Anji - umugano. “Anji ni igihugu cy'umugano, gikungahaye ku mutungo w'umugano ugurishwa ku giciro gito. Nibajije nti: ese umugano ushobora gusimbura imbaho na pulasitiki kugira ngo ukore ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'ibya buri munsi?”
Nyuma y’igeragezwa rikomeje no gutsindwa gukabije, itsinda rya Zhang ryashoboye gukora ibintu bitatu bikurikira: ibikoresho bigabanya ururimi bya bamboo, ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi, n’ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi. Urugero, ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi bya bamboo biraryoshye, nta mbogamizi, kandi birakomeye, bikemura ibibazo by’ibicuruzwa by’ibiti - byoroshye gukubita no kuvunika abarwayi. Byahise bikundwa ku isoko. Mu 2024, umukiriya w’Umuyapani yasuye uruganda maze agera ku masezerano y’ubufatanye; icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi bya bamboo mu Buyapani cyitezwe kugera ku bice miliyoni 10 muri 2026. “Ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi na ayisikrimu nabyo birakunzwe. Twagurishije toni 1.000 z’ibikoresho bigabanya urusobe rw’imitsi muri 2025; umusaruro uzikuba kabiri muri 2026, intego ikaba ari ukurenga toni 4.000 mu 2028.”
Kuva mu 2025, Hongde Medical yagiye ku rwego rwo hejuru, iharanira impamyabumenyi zo gukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo mu cyiciro cya kabiri n’icya gatatu. Zhang yagize ati: “Ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya mbere bifite ubushobozi buke kandi bihangana cyane. Ndateganya guha abandi ibicuruzwa byo mu cyiciro cya mbere kandi nkibanda ku byiciro bya kabiri n’icya gatatu kugira ngo nongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibigo.”
Mu gihe yagura umurongo w’ibicuruzwa, Zhang arateganya no kubaka inganda mu mahanga. “Igihugu ubu gishishikariza ibirango by’Abashinwa kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ikoranabuhanga ryacu ryo gupfuka plaster rirakuze kandi rihangana n’ubuziranenge; twizeye gushinga imizi mu mahanga.” Yatanze gahunda ikomeye: gushinga imishinga ihuriweho mu bihugu icumi mu myaka itatu.
Zhang arateganya gusura ibihugu bitandatu - Alijeriya, Bangaladeshi, Maleziya, Dubai, Afuganisitani na Misiri - nyuma gato y'umwaka w'iserukiramuco ry'amafarashi. Ingamba ze zirasobanutse kandi zifatika: kubaka inganda n'abafatanyabikorwa bo mu gace bafite inzira zo kugurisha zigezweho n'ubufatanye busanzwe na Hongde. Hongde azaba afite imigabane iri hagati ya 20% na 40%, agenzura ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze, kandi areke abafatanyabikorwa bakore ibikorwa byo kugurisha n'ibyo kugurisha. Yagize ati: “Nasuye Vietnam nsanga ibigo by'Abashinwa byubatse inganda zifitwe n'abantu bose ubu bihanganye n'ingorane kandi bifuza kubikuramo, batakaza ibikoresho n'amaduka. Uburyo bwacu bwo gukorana buracyahamye.”
Kwita ku nshingano z'imibereho myiza y'abaturage
Inshingano ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage zagiye ziba ingenzi mu iterambere rya Hongde Medical. Mu 2009, ku bushake bw’ishyirahamwe ry’abafite ubumuga rya Anji, Zhang yashinze ikigo cya mbere cya Anji cyo kuvura abafite ubumuga, aha akazi abantu 12 bo mu gace batuyemo bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. “Aba bantu bateje ibibazo bitewe n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, bateza ingo zabo ingorane zikomeye ndetse banashyira igitutu kuri leta. Umuvandimwe w’umukozi yari muri iki kibazo, bityo nasobanukiwe neza ingorane zabo kandi nifuzaga gusangira inshingano ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage.”
Zhang yibukije mu buryo bweruye ati: “Byari bigoye mu ntangiriro. Abantu bafite ubumuga ntibashoboraga gukora kandi byari bigoye kubyitwaramo. Hari igihe umuntu yajugunye itabi mu ipamba, bituma habaho inkongi y’umuriro yasabaga ko moteri enye zicana umuriro zizimya.” Hari igihe yageze aho arareka. “Igitutu cyari kinini cyane. Naraye ndi maso ijoro ryose ndira mu buriri umunsi inkongi y’umuriro yabereye.”
Nubwo hari ingorane nyinshi, Zhang yakomeje. Muri Hongde Medical, abakozi bafite ubumuga bahabwa ubuvuzi bwuzuye n'inkunga: iyi kompanyi yishyura amafaranga yose y'ubwishingizi; imishahara ya buri kwezi yazamutse iva kuri yuan 750 mu 2009 igera kuri yuan 1.900 uyu munsi, irenga cyane umushahara fatizo wo mu gace; abakozi bitanze batanga ubuyobozi bw'akazi n'ubufasha bwa buri munsi; abashakanye batatu bafite ubumuga bafashijwe gushyingiranwa. Ubwo bubakaga uruganda rushya mu 2024, Zhang yashoye miliyoni 8 z'amayuan mu "Inzu y'Abantu bafite ubumuga" ihuza imyidagaduro, imyidagaduro, n'ubuvuzi bw'akazi.
“Aba bantu ntibashobora gucunga amafaranga, guteka, cyangwa kumesa imyenda, kandi nta muntu n'umwe bafite wo kubitaho nyuma yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Ndashaka kubaka ikigo cyita ku bageze mu zabukuru cy’abafite ubumuga,” gahunda ya Zhang yuzuyemo ubushyuhe. “Abashobora gukora bakomeza gukora; abadashobora kuguma mu kigo cyita ku bageze mu zabukuru mu bikorwa byo kwita ku bageze mu zabukuru no mu bikorwa. Isosiyete izabatera inkunga kugira ngo batagira impungenge.”
Muri iki gihe, Hongde Medical ifite abakozi barenga 70 bafite ubumuga, bangana na kimwe cya kane cy'abakozi bayo bose. “Turi ikigo kidasora imisoro. Amafaranga yose asubizwa imisoro na leta akoreshwa ku bantu bafite ubumuga kugira ngo bagabanye igitutu cy'imibereho. Ibi bivuze byinshi kuruta inyungu iyo ari yo yose.”
Inyandiko y'inyongera
Ku bw'amahirwe, ku munsi w'ikiganiro, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura imiti za Huzhou zari zikora igenzura ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo mu cyiciro cya kabiri muri Hongde Medical. Ubwo ikiganiro cyarangiraga, Zhang yamenye inkuru nziza y'uko isuzuma ryakozwe. Nubwo yari yizeye mbere, yatewe inkunga cyane n'ibyavuye mu isuzuma. Ati: “Umuntu agomba kugira icyizere n'imbaraga zo mu mwuka. Niteze byinshi kuri iyi sosiyete. Mu myaka itatu, Hongde Medical izagira impinduka zikomeye.”
Ku myaka 74, igihe abantu benshi bishimira ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru, Zhang abona aho ahera. Agaragaza ubutwari bw'inararibonye, ubuhanga bwa rwiyemezamirimo, ubwenge bw'umuyobozi, n'ubushyuhe bw'umuntu usanzwe. Inkuru ya Hongde Medical si amateka y'iterambere ry'ibigo gusa ahubwo ni n'ishusho igaragara y'ibigo byigenga by'Ubushinwa - bifite imizi mu bwiza, biharanira cyane inshingano.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 21 Mata 2026