E-Anji, eZhejiang, kukho inkampani egxile kakhulu kushishino lwezixhobo zonyango kangangeminyaka ephantse ibe ngama-40 — i-Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd. (eza kubizwa ngokuba yiHongde Medical).
Ukususela kwixesha loqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo kwaye lisahlola imida emitsha namhlanje, ukukhula kweHongde Medical kuye kwavakala ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina. Akuqhelekanga ukuba inkampani ifake uxanduva loluntu kwi-DNA yayo, inike indawo yokuhlala kunye nenkxaso kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Umphathi wayo nguZhang Yuegen, usomashishini odumileyo: igqala eliqale kwasekuqaleni, laqalisa amashishini amabini, kwaye lihlala liphambili ekucingeni ngobuchule nasekuthatheni izigqibo kwiminyaka yakhe engamashumi asixhenxe.
Eli libali lokwenyani loshishino eligubungela uhlaziyo nokuvulwa kweshishini laseTshayina, utshintsho lwemarike, kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso. Likwayindlela yexesha elide yoxanduva, umbono, kunye nokunyamezela ngusomashishini wabucala.
"Ishishini Elinesibindi" Ngexesha Loqoqosho Olucwangcisiweyo
Unxibelelwano lwakhe neshishini lezonyango lwaqala ngengozi.
Ngo-1984, uZhang Yuegen oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala wayengumlawuli womzi-mveliso wokulungisa iimoto e-Anji. Ukuze andise ishishini, wahamba kakhulu efuna iiprojekthi ezintsha. EShanghai, wadibana nenkampani eyenza iibhandishi zeplasta. Exinezelekile zii-odolo kwaye engenamandla okwenza imveliso, inkampani yamnika ithuba lokusebenzisana. Ngelo xesha, u-Anji wayengenazo izinto zonyango, ngelixa imfuno yasekhaya yeebhandishi zeplasta yayisanda.
UZhang Yuegen wayithatha ngokungqongqo le projekthi. “Yayisenguqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo ngelo xesha; izixhobo zonyango yayilishishini elilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Ukuvunywa kweprojekthi kunye nokwabiwa kwamandla emveliso kwakufuna ukuba kuhlolwe amanqanaba. Ngethamsanqa, le projekthi yayihambelana neemfuno zemarike, ngoko ke umzi-mveliso wakhiwa kakuhle.” Ngo-1985, umzi-mveliso wakhe wezixhobo zonyango — owandulela iHongde Medical — waqalisa ukuvelisa ngokusesikweni.
Eli xesha labavuza abo babenesibindi sokuzama. Kunyaka walo wesibini, umzi-mveliso ufumene inzuzo ye-500,000 yuan, ummangaliso kwixesha apho “amakhaya e-10,000 yuan” ayenqabile kakhulu.
Elinye ithuba elibaluleke ngakumbi lavela kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, uJohnson & Johnson wase-United States wathabatha icebo lokunxiba iibhandishi zikaZhang ngeplasta waza wacebisa intsebenziswano. “Ngexesha lentlanganiso yethu, ndibabuze ukuba bangandiboleka na i-5 yezigidi zeeyuan ukuze ndakhe umzi-mveliso. Bacinga ukuba ‘ndicele i-5 yezigidi zeeyuan’ baza benza uvavanyo olunzulu.” Emva kokubala okuneenkcukacha, uJohnson & Johnson ekugqibeleni wanikela ngeedola zaseMelika ezingama-400,000 (ezilingana ne-3.75 yezigidi zeeyuan) simahla ukuxhasa ukwandiswa komzi-mveliso wakhe. “Oku kwakungaqhelekanga kwintsebenziswano yeshishini lezonyango laseTshayina namaqabane angaphandle — akukho mingcele, kuphela ukuqaphela iimveliso zethu namandla ethu.” UZhang usaziqhenya ngokukhumbula eli xesha.
Ukuqala ngokutsha: Ishishini lesibini eneminyaka engama-53 ubudala
Ngowama-2006, uZhang Yuegen wenza isigqibo esimangalisayo: ukuqalisa ishishini lesibini aze akhe uphawu lwakhe lwezixhobo zonyango. “Izalamane nabahlobo bam baphikisana nalo, besithi ndimdala kakhulu ukuba ndingakhathazeka. Kodwa bendisazi ukuba ishishini lezonyango lifuna kakhulu uluntu. Ndandineengcinga kunye nezixhobo zemveliso, kwaye ndandikholelwa ukuba ndingaphumelela.” Ngoko ke, waseka i-Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., ene-100,000 yuan njengemali yokuqala, kwindlu yangasese engama-80-square-meter, enabasebenzi abane.
“Abantu abaninzi babuza: Iimveliso ziza kuthengiswa phi? Iza kuvela phi imali? Indlela yokuqesha abasebenzi?” Impendulo kaZhang yayilula kwaye iqinile: “Iimveliso zithengiswa kwihlabathi liphela, imali ivela kwimarike, kwaye iitalente zitsalwa kukukhula.”
Ngowama-2008, uZhang kunye neqela lakhe baphumelele ukuvelisa uhlobo olutsha lwebhandishi yeplasta enomgangatho odlula iimpawu zamazwe ngamazwe zelo xesha. “Inkampani yaseMelika yeza eTshayina ifumana iimveliso. Iqabane laseShanghai lathumela iisampulu ezine eMelika, zonke zahluleka uvavanyo. Emva koko umthengi wasifumana. Bafaka iodolo epheleleyo yesikhongozeli emva kwesampulu yokuqala, kwaye kwangoko ezinye izikhongozeli ezili-18 emva kokusebenzisa ibhetshi yokuqala.” Le oda inkulu yaqhubela phambili ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kweHongde Medical. Le nkampani isabonelela lo mthengi waseMelika nanamhlanje, ngentengiso yonyaka emalunga nezigidi ezi-5 zeeyuan. UZhang uthe ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa kwizikolo zaseMelika kwimisebenzi yangaphandle, zamkelwe kakuhle ngomgangatho othembekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kwaye zihlala ziyimveliso ephambili yeHongde Medical.
Kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iHongde Medical ithathe indima ephambili ekuqulunqweni kwemigangatho yeshishini. NgoNovemba ka-2024, umgangatho welizwe weshishini weebhanti zeplasta, owaqalwa waza wasetyenziswa yiHongde Medical, waphononongwa waza wamkelwa ngempumelelo. “Kwintlanganiso, ndathi emva kokwamkela umgangatho wasekhaya, siza kufaka isicelo somgangatho weshishini wehlabathi.” Ukuzithemba kukaZhang kwavela kukuqina kwemveliso eqinileyo. “Iimveliso zethu zikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zixabiso liphantsi, zikhuphisana nezinye iinkampani zehlabathi.”
Ukwakha Ikamva Elitsha
Emva kokukhula okuzinzileyo, uZhang Yuegen wala ukuma ngxi. Ukuze andise uluhlu lwemveliso, wajika waya kwimithombo eyahlukileyo ka-Anji — uqalo. “I-Anji lilizwe le-bamboo, etyebileyo kwimithombo ye-bamboo ethengiswa ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Ndazibuza: ingaba i-bamboo ingathabatha indawo yomthi kunye neplastiki ukwenza iimveliso zonyango nezemihla ngemihla?”
Emva kwezilingo eziphindaphindiweyo kunye nokungaphumeleli okuninzi, iqela likaZhang liphumelele ukuphuhlisa uthotho lweentlobo ezintathu: izixhobo zokunciphisa ulwimi lwebamboo, izinti ze-bamboo swab, kunye nezinti ze-ayisikhrim zebamboo. Umzekelo, izixhobo zokunciphisa ulwimi lwebamboo zigudile, azinazo iziqwenga, kwaye ziqinile, zisombulula iindawo ezibuhlungu zeemveliso zomthi - kulula ukuzikrwela nokuzaphula izigulana. Zakhawuleza zafumana udumo kwimarike. Ngo-2024, umthengi waseJapan wahlola umzi-mveliso waza wafikelela kwisivumelwano sokusebenzisana; imfuno yezi zinto zokunciphisa ulwimi lwebamboo eJapan kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiziqwenga ezili-10 lezigidi ngo-2026. "Izinti ze-bamboo swab kunye nezinti ze-ayisikhrim nazo ziyathandwa. Sithengise iitoni ezili-1,000 zezinti ze-swab ngo-2025; imveliso iya kuphindaphindeka kabini ngo-2026, kujoliswe kuyo ukuba idlule kwiitoni ezingama-4,000 ngo-2028."
Ukususela ngo-2025, iHongde Medical iye yafikelela kwimigangatho ephezulu, izama ukufumana iziqinisekiso zokwenza izixhobo zonyango zeKlasi yesiBini neyesiThathu. “Iimveliso zeKlasi yoku-1 zinemilinganiselo ephantsi kwaye zikhuphisana kakhulu. Ndiceba ukunikezela ngemveliso yeKlasi yoku-1 ngaphandle kwaye ndigxile kwiKlasi yesiBini neyesiThathu ukuze ndiphucule ukhuphiswano lweenkampani,” utshilo uZhang.
Ngelixa ekhulisa umgca wemveliso, uZhang ukwaceba ukwakha iifektri phesheya kolwandle. “Eli lizwe ngoku likhuthaza iimpawu zaseTshayina ukuba zifikelele kwihlabathi liphela. Ubuchwepheshe bethu bokubopha i-plaster bukhulile kwaye bukhuphisana ngomgangatho; siqinisekile ukuba siza kumilisela iingcambu phesheya kolwandle.” Ucebise isicwangciso esinomdla: ukuseka amaqumrhu adibeneyo kumazwe alishumi kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu.
UZhang uceba ukutyelela amazwe amathandathu — iAlgeria, iBangladesh, iMalaysia, iDubai, iAfghanistan, ne-Egypt — emva nje koNyaka weMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo yamaHashe. Icebo lakhe licacile kwaye liyasebenza: ukwakha iifektri namaqabane asekuhlaleni aneendlela zokuthengisa ezivuthiweyo kunye nentsebenziswano ekhoyo neHongde. UHongde uza kuba nezabelo ezingama-20%–40%, alawule itekhnoloji ephambili, aze avumele amaqabane ukuba aphathe imveliso kunye neentengiso. “Ndityelele iVietnam ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba amashishini aseTshayina akha iifektri eziphethwe ngokupheleleyo apho ngoku ajongene nobunzima kwaye afuna ukurhoxa, elahlekelwa zizixhobo kunye neeworkshops. Imodeli yethu yokusebenzisana izinzile ngakumbi.”
Ukuthwala Uxanduva Lwentlalo
Uxanduva lwentlalo belusoloko lubalulekile kuphuhliso lweHongde Medical. Ngo-2009, ngenyathelo le-Anji Disabled Persons' Federation, uZhang waseka isikhululo sokuqala se-Anji sokunyanga abantu abakhubazekileyo, eqesha abantu abali-12 basekuhlaleni abakhubazekileyo ngengqondo. “Aba bantu babangele ingxaki ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, bezisa ubunzima obukhulu kwiintsapho zabo kunye noxinzelelo kurhulumente. Isalamane somsebenzi sasikule meko, ngoko ke ndayiqonda nzulu imingeni yabo kwaye ndandifuna ukwabelana ngoxanduva lwentlalo.”
“Ekuqaleni kwakunzima. Abantu abakhubazekileyo babengakwazi ukusebenza kwaye kwakunzima ukubaphatha. Ngesinye isihlandlo umntu waphosa icuba kumqhaphu, nto leyo eyabangela umlilo owafuna ukuba iimoto zomlilo ezine zicime,” ukhumbula ngokunyanisekileyo uZhang. Waphantse wanikezela ngaxesha lithile. “Uxinzelelo lwalukhulu kakhulu. Ndahlala ndiphaphile ubusuku bonke ndilila ebhedini ngomhla womlilo.”
Nangona ubunzima bukhona, uZhang waqhubeka. KwiHongde Medical, abasebenzi abakhubazekileyo bafumana ukhathalelo olupheleleyo kunye nenkxaso: inkampani igubungela zonke iiprimiyamu zeinshorensi; imivuzo yenyanga inyukile ukusuka kwi-750 yuan ngo-2009 ukuya kwi-1,900 yuan namhlanje, idlula kakhulu umvuzo omncinci wasekuhlaleni; abasebenzi abazinikeleyo babonelela ngesikhokelo somsebenzi kunye noncedo lwemihla ngemihla; izibini ezintathu ezikhubazekileyo zincediswe ukutshata. Xa wayesakha umzi-mveliso omtsha ngo-2024, uZhang utyale imali eyi-8 yezigidi zeeyuan kwi-"Home for Persons with Disabilities" edibanisa ukuzonwabisa, ukuzonwabisa, kunye nonyango lomsebenzi.
“Aba bantu abakwazi ukuphatha imali, ukupheka, okanye ukuhlamba impahla, kwaye abanamntu wokubanyamekela emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Ndifuna ukwakha ikhaya labalupheleyo labantu abakhubazekileyo,” icebo likaZhang ligcwele ubushushu. “Abo banokusebenza bayaqhubeka nokusebenza; abo bangenakuhlala kwikhaya labalupheleyo ngenxa yokhathalelo nemisebenzi. Inkampani iza kuxhasa imivuzo yabo ukuze bangakhathazeki.”
Namhlanje, iHongde Medical inabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-70 abakhubazekileyo, abamalunga nekota yabasebenzi bayo bonke. “Silishishini elingahlawuli rhafu. Zonke iimbuyekezo zerhafu ezivela kurhulumente zisetyenziselwa abantu abakhubazekileyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loluntu. Oku kuthetha okungaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na inzuzo.”
Iposi
Ngethamsanqa, ngomhla wodliwanondlebe, amagunya olawulo lwamayeza aseHuzhou ayeqhuba uhlolo lwezinga lesiBini lezixhobo zonyango kwiHongde Medical. Njengoko udliwanondlebe luphela, uZhang wafumana iindaba ezimnandi zokuba uhlolo luphumelele. Nangona wayezithembile ngaphambili, wakhuthazwa kakhulu sisiphumo sokugqibela. “Umntu kufuneka abe nokuzithemba namandla okomoya. Ndilindele lukhulu kule nkampani. Kwiminyaka emithathu, iHongde Medical iya kudlula kwiinguqu ezinkulu.”
Kwiminyaka engama-74 ubudala, ixesha apho abantu abaninzi bayonwabela umhlala-phantsi, uZhang ubona indawo entsha yokuqala. Ubonisa ukuqina kwegqala, ukuzimisela kosomashishini, ubulumko benkokeli, kunye nobushushu bomntu oqhelekileyo. Ibali leHongde Medical alikho nje kuphela imbali yokukhula kwenkampani kodwa likwabonakalisa ngokucacileyo amashishini abucala aseTshayina - asekelwe kumgangatho, elwela kude uxanduva.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-21-2026