E-Anji, eZhejiang, kunenkampani esigxile kakhulu embonini yezinto zokwelapha iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-40 — i-Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd. (ebizwa nge-Hongde Medical).
Kusukela enkathini yomnotho ohleliwe futhi usahlola imingcele emisha namuhla, ukukhula kweHongde Medical kuye kwahambisana nokukhula komnotho waseShayina. Akuvamile ukuthi inkampani ifake umthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini ku-DNA yayo, inikeze indawo yokukhosela nokusekela abantu abakhubazekile. Ophetheyo nguZhang Yuegen, usomabhizinisi odumile: isosha elidala elaqala kusukela ekuqaleni, laqala amabhizinisi amabili, futhi lihlala liphambili ekucabangeni okunesu kanye nokwenza izinqumo eminyakeni yalo engamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Lena indaba yeqiniso yebhizinisi ehlanganisa izinguquko nokuvula kweShayina, ukuguquka kwemakethe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Futhi kuyindlela yesikhathi eside yomthwalo wemfanelo, umbono, kanye nokuphikelela kosomabhizinisi abazimele.
“Ibhizinisi Elinesibindi” Esikhathini Somnotho Ohleliwe
Ukuxhumana kwakhe nemboni yezokwelapha kwaqala ngengozi.
Ngo-1984, uZhang Yuegen oneminyaka engu-31 ubudala wayengumqondisi wefektri yokulungisa izimoto e-Anji. Ukuze andise ibhizinisi, wahamba kabanzi efuna amaphrojekthi amasha. EShanghai, waxhumana nenkampani eyayikhiqiza amabhandeshi e-plaster. Ekhungathekiswe ama-oda futhi engenawo amandla okukhiqiza, inkampani yamnika ithuba lokubambisana. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Anji wayengenalo ibhizinisi langempela lezinto zokwelapha, kuyilapho isidingo sasekhaya samabhandeshi e-plaster sasikhula.
UZhang Yuegen wathatha lo msebenzi ngokuzimisela. “Kwakusengumnotho ohleliwe ngaleso sikhathi; izimpahla zezokwelapha kwakuyimboni elawulwa ngokuqinile. Ukuvunyelwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokwabiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kwakudinga izendlalelo zokubuyekezwa. Ngenhlanhla, lo msebenzi wahambisana nesidingo semakethe, ngakho-ke ifektri yakhiwa kahle.” Ngo-1985, ifektri yakhe yezimpahla zezokwelapha — eyandulela iHongde Medical — yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni.
Le nkathi yavuza labo ababenesibindi sokuzama. Ngonyaka wayo wesibili, ifektri yathola inzuzo yama-yuan angu-500,000, okuyisimangaliso enkathini lapho “imindeni yama-yuan ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi” yayingavamile kakhulu.
Ithuba elibaluleke nakakhulu lavela emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, uJohnson & Johnson wase-United States wacabanga ngamabhandeshi kaZhang odaka futhi wasikisela ukubambisana. “Ngesikhathi somhlangano wethu, ngababuza ukuthi bangangiboleka yini ama-yuan ayizigidi ezi-5 ukuze ngakhe ifektri. Bacabanga ukuthi ‘ngicele ama-yuan ayizigidi ezi-5’ futhi benza ukuhlolwa okujulile.” Ngemva kokubala okuningiliziwe, uJohnson & Johnson ekugcineni wanikeza ama-US $400,000 (alingana nama-yuan ayizigidi ezi-3.75) mahhala ukusekela ukwandiswa kwefektri yakhe. “Lokhu kwakungavamile ekubambisaneni kwemboni yezokwelapha yaseShayina nabalingani bangaphandle — akukho mibandela ehlanganisiwe, ukuqashelwa kwemikhiqizo yethu namandla ethu kuphela.” UZhang usaziqhenya ngokukhumbula lesi sikhathi.
Ukuqala Kabusha: Ibhizinisi Lesibili eneminyaka engu-53
Ngo-2006, uZhang Yuegen wenza isinqumo esimangalisayo: ukuqala ibhizinisi lesibili nokwakha uhlobo lwakhe lwempahla yezokwelapha. “Izihlobo nabangani baphikisana nalokhu, bethi sengimdala kakhulu ukuthi ngingazikhathaza. Kodwa ngangazi ukuthi imboni yezokwelapha inesidingo esikhulu sezenhlalo. Nganginemibono nezinsiza zomkhiqizo, futhi ngangikholelwa ukuthi ngingaphumelela.” Ngakho-ke, wasungula i-Anji Hongde Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., enemali engu-100,000 yuan njengenhloko-dolobha yokuqala, endlini yangasese engamamitha-skwele angu-80, enabasebenzi abane.
“Abantu abaningi babuze: Imikhiqizo izothengiswa kuphi? Imali izovelaphi? Indlela yokuqasha abasebenzi?” Impendulo kaZhang yayilula futhi iqinile: “Imikhiqizo ithengiswa emhlabeni wonke, imali ivela emakethe, futhi amathalente akhangwa ukukhula.”
Ngo-2008, uZhang nethimba lakhe baphumelela ukuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha lwebhandishi leplasta elinekhwalithi edlula imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe yangaleso sikhathi. “Inkampani yaseMelika yeza eShayina izothenga imikhiqizo. Umncintiswano waseShanghai wathumela amasampula amane e-US, wonke ahluleka ukuhlolwa. Wabe esesithola iklayenti. Bafaka i-oda eligcwele lesitsha ngemuva kwesampula yokuqala, futhi ngokushesha ezinye izitsha ezingu-18 ngemuva kokusebenzisa ibhetshi yokuqala.” Leli oda elikhulu laqhubekisela phambili ukukhula okusheshayo kweHongde Medical. Le nkampani isahlinzeka leli klayenti laseMelika nanamuhla, ngokuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke okungama-yuan ayizigidi ezi-5. UZhang uthe le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa ezikoleni zaseMelika emisebenzini yangaphandle, yamukelwe kahle ngekhwalithi ethembekile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, futhi ihlala ingumkhiqizo ohamba phambili weHongde Medical.
Kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, iHongde Medical ithathe indima ehamba phambili ekwakheni amazinga embonini. NgoNovemba 2024, indinganiso kazwelonke yemboni yamabhandeshi e-plaster, eyaqalwa futhi yasetshenziswa yiHongde Medical, yabuyekezwa futhi yamukelwa ngempumelelo. “Emhlanganweni, ngithe ngemuva kokwamukela indinganiso yasekhaya, sizofaka isicelo sendinganiso yemboni yomhlaba wonke.” Ukuzethemba kukaZhang kwavela emandleni omkhiqizo aqinile. “Imikhiqizo yethu isezingeni eliphezulu futhi ishibhile, incintisana nabalingani bomhlaba wonke.”
Ukwakha Ikusasa Elisha
Ngemva kokukhula okuqhubekayo, uZhang Yuegen wenqaba ukuma anganyakazi. Ukuze andise umkhiqizo, waphendukela emthonjeni ohlukile ka-Anji — uqalo. “I-Anji iyizwe loqalo, elicebile ngemithombo yoqalo ethengiswa ngamanani aphansi. Ngazibuza: ingabe uqalo lungathatha indawo yokhuni nepulasitiki ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo yezokwelapha neyansuku zonke?”
Ngemva kokuvivinywa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokwehluleka okungenakubalwa, ithimba likaZhang laphumelela ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge oluthathu: izinciphisi zolimi lwe-bamboo, izinti ze-bamboo swab, kanye nezinti ze-ayisikhilimu ze-bamboo. Isibonelo, izinciphisi zolimi lwe-bamboo zibushelelezi, azinawo ama-burr, futhi ziqinile, zixazulula izindawo ezibuhlungu zemikhiqizo yokhuni — kulula ukuziklwebha nokuzephula iziguli. Zathola ukuthandwa emakethe ngokushesha. Ngo-2024, iklayenti laseJapan lahlola ifektri futhi lafinyelela esivumelwaneni sokubambisana; isidingo sezinciphisi zolimi lwe-bamboo eJapane kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele izingcezu eziyizigidi eziyi-10 ngo-2026. "Izinti ze-bamboo swab kanye nezinti ze-ayisikhilimu nazo ziyathandwa. Sithengise amathani ayi-1,000 ezinti ze-swab ngo-2025; umkhiqizo uzophindeka kabili ngo-2026, ngenhloso yokudlula amathani ayi-4,000 ngo-2028."
Kusukela ngo-2025, i-Hongde Medical iye yathuthela ezindinganisweni eziphakeme, ilwela iziqu zokukhiqiza amadivayisi ezokwelapha e-Class II kanye ne-Class III. “Imikhiqizo ye-Class I inemingcele ephansi kanye nokuncintisana okukhulu. Ngihlela ukunikeza abanye ukukhiqizwa kwe-Class I futhi ngigxile kwi-Class II kanye ne-Class III ukuze ngithuthukise ukuncintisana kwezinkampani,” kusho uZhang.
Ngesikhathi ekhulisa umkhiqizo, uZhang uhlela nokwakha amafektri phesheya kwezilwandle. “Izwe manje likhuthaza imikhiqizo yaseShayina ukuthi ihambe emhlabeni wonke. Ubuchwepheshe bethu bokubopha nge-plaster buvuthiwe futhi buncintisana ngekhwalithi; siyaqiniseka ukuthi sizogxila phesheya kwezilwandle.” Uphakamise uhlelo olukhulu: ukusungula ama-joint ventures emazweni ayishumi zingakapheli iminyaka emithathu.
UZhang uhlela ukuvakashela amazwe ayisithupha — i-Algeria, iBangladesh, iMalaysia, iDubai, i-Afghanistan, neGibhithe — ngemuva nje koMkhosi Wonyaka Wentwasahlobo Yamahhashi. Isu lakhe licacile futhi liyasebenza: ukwakha amafektri nabalingani bendawo abaneziteshi zokuthengisa ezivuthiwe kanye nokubambisana okukhona neHongde. UHongde uzoba namasheya angu-20%–40%, alawule ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko, futhi avumele abalingani baphathe ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa. “Ngivakashele iVietnam futhi ngathola ukuthi amabhizinisi aseShayina akha amafektri aphethwe ngokuphelele lapho manje abhekene nobunzima futhi afuna ukuhoxa, elahlekelwa yimishini nama-workshop. Imodeli yethu yokubambisana izinzile kakhulu.”
Ukuthwala Umthwalo Wemfanelo Womphakathi
Umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi ubelokhu ubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kweHongde Medical. Ngo-2009, ngesinyathelo se-Anji Disabled Persons' Federation, uZhang wasungula isiteshi sokuqala se-Anji sokwelapha abantu abakhubazekile, eqasha abantu bendawo abangu-12 abakhubazekile ngokomqondo. “Laba bantu babangela izinkinga ngenxa yokukhubazeka ngokomqondo, baletha ubunzima obukhulu emindenini yabo kanye nengcindezi kuhulumeni. Isihlobo selungu labasebenzi sasikulesi simo, ngakho ngangiqonda ngokujulile ubunzima babo futhi ngangifuna ukwabelana ngomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi.”
“Kwakunzima ekuqaleni. Abantu abakhubazekile babengakwazi ukusebenza futhi kwakunzima ukubaphatha. Ngesinye isikhathi othile waphonsa ugwayi ekotini, okwabangela umlilo owadinga izinjini zomlilo ezine ukuba zicime,” kukhumbula uZhang ngobuqotho. Wacishe wadela ngesinye isikhathi. “Ingcindezi yayinkulu kakhulu. Ngahlala ngiphapheme ubusuku bonke ngikhala embhedeni ngosuku lomlilo.”
Naphezu kobunzima, uZhang waqhubeka. KwaHongde Medical, abasebenzi abakhubazekile bathola ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokusekelwa: inkampani ihlanganisa zonke izinkokhelo zomshuwalense; amaholo anyanga zonke akhuphuke kusuka kuma-yuan angu-750 ngo-2009 aya kuma-yuan angaba ngu-1,900 namuhla, okudlula kakhulu umholo omncane wendawo; abasebenzi abazinikele banikeza isiqondiso somsebenzi kanye nosizo lwansuku zonke; imibhangqwana emithathu ekhubazekile isize ukushada. Lapho akha ifektri entsha ngo-2024, uZhang watshala ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-8 “eKhaya Labantu Abakhubazekile” elihlanganisa ukuzijabulisa, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi.
“Laba bantu abakwazi ukuphatha imali, ukupheka, noma ukuwasha izingubo, futhi abanamuntu ozobanakekela ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngifuna ukwakha ikhaya lokunakekela abantu abakhubazekile,” uhlelo lukaZhang lugcwele imfudumalo. “Labo abakwazi ukusebenza bayaqhubeka nokusebenza; labo abangakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya lokunakekela kanye nemisebenzi. Inkampani izoxhasa imiholo yabo ukuze bangakhathazeki.”
Namuhla, i-Hongde Medical inabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-70 abakhubazekile, okubalwa cishe ingxenye yesine yabasebenzi bayo bonke. "Siyibhizinisi elingakhokhi intela. Zonke izimali ezibuyiselwayo zentela ezivela kuhulumeni zisetshenziselwa abantu abakhubazekile ukunciphisa ingcindezi yomphakathi. Lokhu kusho okungaphezu kwanoma iyiphi inzuzo."
I-Postscript
Ngokuqondana, ngosuku lwengxoxo, iziphathimandla zokulawula izidakamizwa zikaHuzhou zaziqhuba ukuhlolwa kweziqu zedivayisi yezokwelapha yeSigaba II eHongde Medical. Njengoba ingxoxo iphela, uZhang wathola izindaba ezinhle zokuthi ukuhlolwa sekudlulile. Nakuba ayeqiniseka ngaphambili, wakhuthazwa kakhulu umphumela wokugcina. "Umuntu kumele abe nokuzethemba namandla angokomoya. Nginamathemba aphezulu ngale nkampani. Eminyakeni emithathu, iHongde Medical izobhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu."
Eneminyaka engu-74, isikhathi lapho abaningi bejabulela umhlalaphansi, uZhang ubona indawo entsha yokuqala. Ubonisa ukuqina komuntu osekhulile, ukuzimisela kosomabhizinisi, ukuhlakanipha komholi, kanye nokufudumala komuntu ovamile. Indaba ye-Hongde Medical ayigcini nje ngomlando wokukhula kwezinkampani kodwa futhi iyisibonakaliso esicacile samabhizinisi azimele aseShayina - asekelwe ekhwalithini, elwela kude umthwalo wemfanelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-21-2026